Russia, Russians,俄国，俄国人115,196,232,240,242,251-53,309,327-33,352-53,361,377-78,383-88,414,418-19,432-33,457,490,
494-96,500-502,503-4,504-9,511,514,516-37,540. See also Soviet Union,也见苏联
Russo-Japanese War,日—俄战争457
Rwanda,卢旺达540,543
Sa\"adi萨阿迪245
Safavi, Shah Ismail, 344-45
Salamis,萨拉密134
Samaria, Samarians,撒玛利亚，撒玛利亚人72
Samurai,日本武士,269-71,355,358
Sanskrit,梵文82,84,183,184-87,249,348,373
Sanusi 475
Sardinia,撒丁岛42
Sargon of Akkad,阿卡德的萨尔贡21,37,62
Sassanian empire萨珊波斯帝国,174,181,195,197-98,202-3,215
Statellites, artificial,人造卫星526-27,547
Schrodinger, Erwin,埃尔温·薛定谔512
science,科学100,144,154-55,219,323-25,370-72,436-39,512-14,548-51.See also medicine,也见医学
Scotland,苏格兰237,262.See also Great Britain,也见大不列颠
Scythians,西徐亚人58,59,115,116,149
Seleucids,塞琉古王国151
Selim the Grim, Sultan,“严酷者”苏莱曼苏丹34
Seljuk Turks,塞尔柱突厥人241
Semites,闪米特人35,64
Serapis,塞拉皮斯,154
Serbia, Serbians,塞尔维亚，塞尔维亚人243,399,453,492,495,540
Seven Years’ War,“七年战争”365,386
Shakespeare William,威廉·莎士比亚186,319
Shamanism,萨满教112,242
Shang dynasty,商朝50-52,103,104-6,110
Shankara,商羯罗188,227
Shapur I,沙普尔一世,204
Shi’a Moslems,什叶派穆斯林217,343-46,538-39
Shih Huang-ti,（秦）始皇168-70,173
Shinto,神道教271,404,463,466,548
Ships,shipping,船舶、造船业10,16,30,42-44,46,113,117-18,232,254,260-61,266,270,274-75,301-3,340,421,423,468-69,477
Shiva,湿婆神176,184,248
Siam(Thailan),暹罗（泰国）188,274,348,461,532
Siberia,西伯利亚329352,418,487
Sicily,西西里92,114,257
Sigismund, Emperor,皇帝西吉斯蒙德263
Sikhs,锡克教徒249
Silk Road,丝绸之路171
Sinai,西奈半岛64,69
Singapore,新加坡,532
slavery,奴隶制,151,243,277,306,335,342,349,419,474,479
slavs,斯拉夫人221,222,230
Smith, Adam,亚当·斯密261,372
Socialism,socialists,社会主义,社会主义者434,500,503. See also Communism,也见共产主义
Socrates,苏格拉底1