ky,见亚历山大·涅夫斯基
Newcomen,Thomas,托马斯·纽卡门368
New Guinea,新几内亚118,273
Newton,Isaac,伊萨卡·牛顿370-71
New Zealand,新西兰275,418,468-69,486,516
Nicaea, Council of,尼西亚宗教会议207
Nigeria,尼日利亚486,529
Nikon, Patriarch,大教长尼康384
Nineveh,尼尼微66,177
Nippur,尼普尔19
Nixon,Richard,理查德·尼克松528
Nomads, 游牧民族58,116-17,195,278,335. See alsosteppe peoples,也见草原民族
Normans,诺曼人250,257,262
North Africa,北非114,157,213,232,469,508,520-21
North American Free Trade Agreement,《北美自由贸易协定》532
North Atlantic Treaty Organization,北大西洋公约组织527
Norway,挪威232,257,504
Nubia,努比亚29,53,114,223,275,277,278
Nuclear energy 核能548
Nuclear war 核战争.See Warfare, nuclear,见战争，核
oil,石油452,529,531-32,534-35,540
Olympic Games,奥林匹克运动会96
Omar, Caliph,哈里发奥马尔213-14
Ommayads,倭马亚王朝214-15,247
OPEC,欧佩克531-32,534
Opium War,鸦片战争402,442
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries,石油输出国组织531-32,534
Origen,奥列金206
Orthodox Church,正教教会207-8,249-51,326-27,332-33,349-50,540
Ostrogoths,东哥特人196,229
Ottoman empire,奥斯曼帝国241,243-44,250-51,298,443,149-50,497.See also Turkey, Turks,见土耳其，土耳其人
Pacific islands,太平洋群岛46,274-75,468-69,487
Pakistan,巴基斯坦520,529,539
Palestine,巴勒斯坦48,56,65,66,68-72,90,151,160,210,451-52,529;Partition划分,530. See also Israel, state of Palestine Liberation Organization,也见以色列，巴勒斯坦解放组织的国家
Panama canal,巴拿马运河423
Panini,帕尼尼186
papacy,罗马教廷207-8,231-32,249,261-63,314,319-23,326,371,400
Paracelsus,帕拉塞尔苏斯324
Paraguay,巴拉圭334,382
parliamentarianism,议会政治、议会制度263-64,312-13,363-65
Parsis,祆教徒74,454
Pathians,帕提亚人160,168,171,202
pastoralism,游牧文化22-25,44,222.See also nomads, steppe peoples也见游牧民族、草原民族
Patriarchate, ecumenical 209,249
Patrick, Saint,圣帕特里克237
Paul, Saint,圣保罗162-64
Pear Harbor,珍珠港465,506
Peloponnesian war,伯罗奔尼撒战争137,147