Oxford, 1968); Fergus Millar, The Emperor in the Roman World, 31B.C.—A.D. 337(Ithaca, N. Y., 1977); Ramsey Macmullen, Roman Social Relations 50B.C.—A.D.284 (New Haven,1974). 还有其它三部著作可以在这里推荐：Marshall Clagett, Greek Science in Antiquity (New York, 1956); W.W. Tarn and G.T. Griffith, Hellenistic Civilization, 3rd ed. (London, 1952); 和George Dumezil, Archaic Roman Religion (Chicago, 1970)
早期基督教本身就是一个主题。古典学家的两部杰出著作是: C. N. Cochrane, Christianity and Classical Culture (New York, 1944); 和Arnaldo Momigliano, ed., The Conflict between Paganism and Christianity in the Fourth Century (Oxford, 1963). William A. Chaney, The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England: The Transition from Paganism to Christianity (Berkeley, 1970) 对一个重要的过渡时期的连续性和断裂性进行了论述。对早期基督教总体论述的优秀著作是：Kenneth Scott Latourette, A History of the Expansion of Christianitiy I: The First Five Centuries (New York, 1937); Robert M. Grant, Historical Introduction to the New Testament (New York, 1963); 和Rudolf Karl Bultmann, Primitive Christianity in Its Comtemporary Setting (London, 1956).更有趣的特别主题如下：A. D. Nock, Conversion, The Old and the New in Religion from Alexander the Great to Augustine of Hippo (London, 1933); J. M. Allegro, The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Origins of Christianity (New York, 1957); Jean Doresse, Secret Books of the Egyptian Gnostics (New York, 1960); 和Peter Brown, Augustine of Hippo (Berkeley, 1967). Salo W. Baron, A Social and Religious History of the Jews, 2nd ed., 8 vols. (New York, 1952—58), 是研究早期基督教非常有用的配套著作。
中世纪史学家一直将基督教划分为拉丁基督教和希腊基督教，斯拉夫欧洲常常成为第三个组成部分。同样，与伊斯兰教的关系被忽略或者与总体描述分离开来加以对待。结果是强调了，也许多于实际理由，中世纪欧洲——更别说整个欧亚大陆——二者之间关系的区分。Hugh Trevor-Roper, The Rise of Christian Europe (London, 1965);Gustave E. von Grunebaum, Medieval Islam: A Study in Cultural Orientation, 2nd ed. (Chicago, 1955); 和Robert S.Lopez, The Birth of Europe (New York, 1967); 超越了这种狭隘视野；如Lynn White Jr., Medieval Technology and Social Change (Oxford, 1962).
进来关于中世纪经济史的著作随着亨利·皮朗在Mohammed and Charlgemagne (New York, 195